Fundamental of Computing

  Machine Learning  is a subset of artificial intelligence (AI) that enables computers to learn from data and improve their performance over time without being explicitly programmed. It focuses on developing algorithms and models that can identify patterns, make predictions, and solve complex problems. Types of Learning : Supervised Learning : Models are trained on labeled data (e.g., predicting house prices). Unsupervised Learning : Models identify patterns in unlabeled data (e.g., clustering customer segments). Reinforcement Learning : Models learn by interacting with an environment and receiving feedback (e.g., training robots or game-playing AI). Difference between hyperparameter and parameter

  Cyberspace   refers to the virtual environment created by interconnected computer systems and networks, where communication, data exchange, and online activities take place. It is a digital realm that transcends physical boundaries, enabling individuals, organizations, and governments to interact, share information, and conduct transactions in real-time. Key features of cyberspace include: Global Connectivity : It connects people and devices worldwide through the internet. Digital Communication : Platforms like email, social media, and messaging apps facilitate instant communication. Information Sharing : Cyberspace serves as a vast repository of knowledge, accessible through websites, databases, and cloud storage. E-commerce and Services : Online shopping, banking, and streaming services thrive in this space. Security Challenges : Cybersecurity is critical to protect against threats like hacking, data breaches, and malware. Cyberspace has revolutionized how we live, work, a...