FOC - DO2

 Introduction to Linux

Linux is an operating system and Android is powered by the linux operating system.  

OS is software that manages the communication between the software and its hardware.

To manage files in Linux OS we can use :

  1. Terminal (Command Line Interface - CLI)
  2. File Manager (Graphical User Interface-GUI)

Why do we use a Command-line Interface?

  • Commands offer more options and are flexible.
  • More commands to copy and upload files in GUI but in the case of CLI a single command can do it.
  • CLI load fast and do not consume RAM like GUI.

There are two ways to launch CLI on Ubuntu;

  1. Go to the Das and type terminal
  2. Or Press ctrl+alt+t

 

Once the CLI is launched the picture will be shown:


  1. First Part - user name. Eg: guru
  2. Second part - hostname. Eg:99  (Helps to identify a computer over the network).
  3. Third part - Computer name. Eg: VirtualBox
  4. Fourth part - Simple separator. Eg: " : "
  5. fifth part - Home Directory. Eg: " ~ "
  6. Sixth part - Sign for regular users.  Eg: $

# - sign for root user

 

Present Working Directory

A directory that you are currently browsing.

Command - pwd (print working directory).

 

Changing Directories.

To change the directory use - cd (change directory).


Navigating Home Directory: Command - cd OR cd~


Moving to the root directory: Command - cd /


 Relative and Absolute Paths

Absolute Paths - Full path is pecified to reach the file

Eg: To browse images in the Pictures directory of the home folder, type - cd /home /guru99 /Pictures.

 

Relative Paths - do not specify the complete location within the same directory in the file system.

Eg: To browse downloads directory, type - cd Downloads

 

 Accessing Hardware Information 

Disk space usage : <df -h> OR <lsblk>

Memory : <free -h>  OR  <cat /proc /meminfo>

CPU : <lscpu> OR <cat / proc / cpu>

Peripheral Component Interconnection (PCI) devices: <lscpi>

 

All information about the hardware: <lshw>

 


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

FOC - DO3

Image
  Basic Commands in Linux ls: It shows the files/directories in the current directory ls -R :It shows all the files not only in directories but also subdirectories. ls -al :Gives detailed information of the files ls -a: Shows all the hidden files cat: Used to display text files,copy ,combine, and create new text files Cat > file Add content crtl + d to return rm: Removes files from the system without confirmation. mv: Move file to a different directory. mv commands needs super user/ root user. sudo - allow a regular user to run programs with the security privileges of the super user or root user. mv: it can also used to rename files or directories mkdir: Creates sub directory in current directory. Syntax: mkdir directory name. To create directory inside other directory use mkdir /other directory name/new Directory rmdir: removes an empty directory. grep (global regular expression print)   :Used to search text in files and print that matches the gi
Read more

FOC - A03

Image
          Digital Representation ASCII is a computer language for text that became the standard for transmitting information between computers. Moreover, it translates alphanumeric characters and symbols into computer readable code. ASCII is 7-bit characters code consisting  value from 0 - 7F16 whereas Unicode consists value from 0 - 10FFFF16 Sound is captured by microphone and it is converted into a digital signal usually in the form of binary number. Incase of image, it is broken down into individuals pixels.                             Number system   A number can be represent in a computer system by a string of bits (binary number) Binary number system (base 2) Octal number system (base 8) decimal number system (base 10) Hexadecimal number system(base 16). it uses 16 symbols: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F.                               N bits in binary number (2^n-1). e.g. of 3 bits: 2^3-1 = 8-1 = 7 In case of hexadecimal number  representation, each group of 4
Read more

FOC - E01

LINUX FILE SYSTEM One essential part of the operating system is the Linux file system. It offers a hierarchical data management and organization system. Root Directory: The root directory ("/") is the top-level directory in the Linux file system. Files and subdirectories are found in directories. Data management: Linux file system maintains metadata, sizes, creation dates, and file names. It is responsible for ownership, security, and permissions.   Representation and Organization of Storage Resources: Disk space is allocated for files and directories. It also maintain Directory structure and store Metadata for each file. Pathnames: A pathname is a text string made up of one or more names separated by forward slashes(/) e.g: ./etc/ passwd,/var/log/auth.log, assignment 02 /check, etc. examples of pathnames: ●       /home ●       /etc/passwd ●       usr / wc ●       /var/ ntpstats loopstats Change directory using a relative path:  $pwd /home/kt $cd abc  
Read more